Keywords: Mamluk tughra.jpg en Qalqasandi's design for the tughra of the mamluk sultan al-Asharf Sha 'han r 1363-1377 de Entwurf einer Tughra für einen Sultan der Mamluken Sheile S Blair Islamic Calligraphy p 340 Qalqashandi century 14 Egyptian Mamluk Tughra Egyptian Tughra Arabic alphabet Arabic script Arabic script in non-Arabic languages PD-old |